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Earth is one of the eight Paths of magic, and one of the Elemental paths.
It is best known as a path with powerful buffs, both those that improve a large number of troops and self-buffs for thugs and supercombatants. Some examples:
Troop buffs:
Strength of Giants can greatly increase the damage of a large number of troops. (Enchantment 3)
Legions of Steel likewise increases the
protection of a large number of troops if they are wearing armor. (Construction 3)
Marble Warriors increases the natural protection of a large number of troops. (Alteration 6)
Iron Warriors significantly increases the natural protection of one square of troops. (Alteration 5)
Weapons of Sharpness allows troops to cut through armor easily (Construction 7)
Iron Will increases a small number of troops' magic resistance (Thaumaturgy 3)
Army of Gold and Army of Lead (Alteration 9) greatly increase an entire army's protection and grant other resistances, but add vulnerability to lightning
Self-buffs:
Ironskin (Alteration 3) and Stoneskin (Alteration 2) increase protection but decrease lightning or fire resistance
Temper Flesh gives physical resistance and fire resistance (Alteration 4)
Summon Earthpower gives reinvigoration and +1 to the caster's Earth path
Earth magic can do a variety of other things. Some notable spells are Earth Meld and Maws of the Earth (disable and damage enemy troops), Earthquake (battlefield wipe), Blade Wind (shred lightly-armored troops), and Petrify.
As with the other elemental paths, Earth can Summon Earth Elemental; earth elementals are often weaker than the other types because of their low mobility.
Earth is also known as a forging path with a variety of useful items. A few standouts include:
Dwarven Hammer, to make everything else cheaper
Greatsword of Sharpness, a powerful anti-thug weapon
Armor of Knights, cheap and strong armor
Girdle of Might, a misc-slot reinvigoration item that also adds strength
Main Gauche of Parrying, useful to make defense thugs
Bracers of Protection, useful for increasing protection even more
Earth Boots, an accessible earth booster
Gate Cleaver, suitable for chopping up forts and protection-thugs alike
There are some very powerful crosspath forging options as well:
Crystal Coin, Crystal Matrix, Slave Matrix, and Crystal Shield, in earth/astral
Elemental Armor, Fire Brand, and Shield of Gleaming Gold, in earth/fire
Dancing Shield in earth/air
Kithaironic Lion Pelt, in earth/nature