Table of Contents
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Stacking Effects
Stacking refers to applying similar effects multiple times, e.g. multiple sources of regeneration or protection.
The basic rule of thumb as to whether two sources stack is: if they are the same effect, they don't stack, otherwise they do stack. Of course, that's quite ambiguous.
Attacks are attempted to be blocked in this order: Awe → repel → vine shield like effects → chance to hit → damage (try) → fire shield
(todo: clarification/examples on the rule of thumb)
Protection
Natural and armor protection stack with diminishing returns. The exact equation is Nprot+Aprot-(Nprot*Aprot*1/40), rounding to the nearest integer. Easier than calculating it is to just reference a premade sheet of calculations. The axies in purple are Nprot and Aprot and are interchangeable. The resulting prot values are color coded to aid intuition. 
A slightly inaccurate estimation is to take the greater value of armor protection and natural protection and add half the lesser value.
Regeneration
Mobility items
Fear
No one knows how fear works. Not even Illwinter. Especially not Illwinter.