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Loggy's Independent Spells reverse engineering notes
Pretender chassis and things with effect 0x1e0 (I theorise this is #indepspells the mod command) use their own logic that gets spells up to a given research level. For pretender chassis, this is 7. Everything else seems to be hardcoded to chassis.
I'm not sure what lets other throne defenders cast things like Horde of Skeletons or make big elementals.
 
Sorceress#344 (grey robe version)
-  Blindness 
-  Mind Burn 
-  Dust to Dust 
-  Petrify 
-  Decay 
-  Sleep 
-  Tangle Vines 
 
Wind Master#93
-  Wind Guide 
-  Orb Lightning 
-  Shock Wave 
 
Cloud Mage#92
-  Shocking Grasp 
-  Resist Lightning 
-  Mistform 
-  Charge Body 
 
Circle Master#95
Conjurer#94
-  Animate Skeleton 
-  Dust to Dust 
-  Hand of Dust 
 
Azure Initiate#96 and Azure Mage#97
-  Cold Resistance 
-  Breath of Winter 
-  Desiccation 
-  Resist Fire 
-  Quickness 
-  Cold Blast 
 
Adept of Pyriphlegeton#99
-  Fire Fend 
-  Flame Bolt 
-  Holy Pyre 
-  Fireball 
 
Pyromancer#98
-  Fire Resistance 
-  Fire Darts 
-  Burning Hands 
 
Hydromancer#103
-  Cold Bolt 
-  Cold Blast 
-  Summon Water Power 
-  Sailors' Death 
-  Water Strike 
-  Water Shield 
-  Water Ward 
 
Woodhenge Druid#105
-  Barkskin 
-  Heal 
-  Strength of Giants 
-  Sleep 
 
Shadow Seer#106
-  Enslave Mind 
-  Stellar Cascades 
-  Magic Duel 
 
Bloodhenge Druid#122
-  Barkskin 
-  Poison Touch 
-  Sleep Cloud 
-  Poison Cloud 
-  Agony 
-  Maggots 
-  Sabbath Master 
-  Sabbath Slave 
-  Blood Rain 
-  Resist Poison 
 
Cyclops#156
-  Hand of Death 
-  Wither Bones 
-  Drain Life 
-  Soul Vortex 
-  Disintegrate 
-  Resist Magic 
-  Ironskin 
 
Shaman#170 [lizard]
Lich#178, Master Lich#179
-  Raise Dead 
-  Raise Skeletons 
-  Hand of Death 
-  Ghost Grip 
-  Terror 
-  Cloud of Death 
-  Wither Bones 
-  Undead Horde 
-  Bane Fire 
-  Wind of Death 
 
Harab Seraph#252
-  Hand of Death 
-  Raise Dead 
-  Animate Skeletons 
 
Wight Mage#299
-  Raise Dead 
-  Raise Skeletons 
-  Hand of Dust 
-  Decay 
 
Wizards (both #302 and #312, blue and red robes)
-  Combustion 
-  Quickness 
-  Dust to Dust 
-  Stoneskin 
-  Barkskin 
-  Leprosy 
-  Panic 
-  Summon Imp 
-  Mind Burn 
-  Desiccation 
-  Fire Blast 
-  Geyser 
-  Fire Resistance 
-  Cold Bolt 
-  Lightning Bolt 
-  Shock Wave 
-  Earth Meld 
 
Ice Druid#309
-  Breath of Winter 
-  Numbness 
-  Dust to Dust 
-  Cold Bolt 
-  Cold Blast 
 
Necromancer#310
-  Raise Dead 
-  Raise Skeletons 
-  Hand of Death 
-  Ghost Grip 
-  Dust to Dust 
 
Shaman (prophet shape lizard)#321
-  Mass Protection 
-  Sleep Cloud 
-  Paralyze 
 
Spectral Mage#329
-  Hand of Death 
-  Soul Slay 
-  Resist Magic 
-  Magic Duel 
-  Enslave Mind 
-  Curse 
-  Astral Shield 
-  Nether Bolt 
-  Burning Hands 
-  Magma Bolts 
-  Ghost Grip 
-  Eagle Eyes 
-  Earth Grip 
-  Shocking Grasp 
-  Orb Lightning 
-  Fire Shield 
 
Starspawn#332
-  Enslave Mind 
-  Soul Slay 
-  Magic Duel 
-  Curse 
-  Sleep 
 
Illusionist#341
-  Phantasmal Army 
-  Phantasmal Warrior 
-  False Horror 
-  Ghost Wolves 
-  Mistform 
-  Mirror Image 
-  Mists of Deception 
 
Everything not mentioned elsewhere
This list is manual and may miss some possible things included above. Technically it will apply to ANYTHING with ID 1-343.
 
Fire
-  Phoenix Power 
-  Combustion 
-  Flame Bolt 
-  Flare 
-  Bonds of Fire 
 
Air
-  Mirror Image 
-  False Fetters 
-  Shock Wave 
-  Lightning Bolt 
 
Water
-  Summon Water Power 
-  Ice Shield 
-  Slime 
-  Geyser 
-  Cold Bolt 
-  Numbness 
-  Water Strike 
 
Earth
-  Summon Earthpower 
-  Stoneskin 
-  Earth Might 
-  Earth Grip 
-  Fists of Iron 
-  Legions of Steel 
 
Astral
-  Personal Luck 
-  Star Fires 
-  Astral Shield 
-  Mind Burn 
 
Death
-  Decay 
-  Weakness 
-  Animate Skeleton 
-  Raise Dead 
 
Nature
-  Tangle Vines 
-  Personal Regeneration 
-  Vine Arrow 
-  Sleep Cloud 
-  Panic 
 
Blood
Great Mother#606, Lord of Fertility#965
-  Strength of Gaia 
-  Summon Earthpower 
-  Tangle Vines 
-  Sleep 
-  Sleep Cloud 
-  Wild Growth 
-  Charm 
-  Dust to Dust 
 
All Amazon sorceresses and priests
-  Fire Darts 
-  Shocking Grasp 
-  Charge Body 
-  Desiccation 
-  Cold Bolt 
-  Mind Burn 
-  Dust to Dust 
-  Decay 
-  Barkskin 
-  Tangle Vines 
-  Blood Boil 
 
Thalassa, Queen of the Sea#359
Fire Lord#389
-  Burning Hands 
-  Immolation 
-  Fire Blast 
 
Vampire Lord#404, Mound Fiend#439
-  Terror 
-  Summon Imp 
-  Raise Skeletons 
-  Raise Dead 
-  Drain Life 
 
Harvester of Sorrows#491
-  Soul Slay 
-  Luck 
-  Hand of Death 
-  Terror 
 
Troll King#519, Sea King#580
-  Earthquake 
-  Fists of Iron 
-  Sailors' Death 
-  Cold Blast 
-  Water Shield 
-  Water Strike 
-  Shark Attack 
 
Divine Mummy#778
-  Disintegrate 
-  Dust to Dust 
-  Raise Skeletons 
-  Raise Dead 
-  Hand of Death 
-  Ghost Grip 
-  Terror 
-  Phoenix Pyre 
-  Astral Fires 
 
Lamia Queen#609
Treelord#621
-  Howl 
-  Tangle Vines 
-  Wild Growth 
 
Intor Vadul, Ancient Mandragora#641
-  Tangle Vines 
-  Ghost Grip 
-  Wild Growth 
-  Resist Poison 
-  Sleep Cloud 
-  Regeneration 
-  Dust to Dust 
-  Wither Bones 
-  Mass Regeneration 
-  Sleep 
-  Terror 
 
Other units between 641 and 779
Likely
-  Troll Mage 
-  Warrior Mage 
-  Vastness 
-  Earth Might 
-  Mind Burn 
-  Ghost Wolves 
-  False Fetters 
 
Lord of the Hunt#780
-  Vine Arrow 
-  Howl 
-  Haste 
-  Growing Fury 
-  Wild Growth 
-  Strength of Gaia 
-  Panic 
 
Kappa Mage#1530
-  Quickness 
-  Cold Bolt 
-  Water Strike