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When taking Fire damage a unit may catch fire, which will subject it to additional burning damage until the fire goes out.
A unit that is burning takes 1d(size) damage each turn until the fire goes out (a die with a number of sides equal to the size of the unit, so for a Size 6 unit it would be 1d6). The chance of the fire going out is
Chance to extinguish: 25% + (fire resistance x2) + (cold scale x5) +100% if it is raining
All fire have a minimum 1% chance of being extinguished. If the province has heat scales instead, this is treated as negative cold.