Certain units are attuned to a certain season; either Spring, Summer, Autumn, or Winter. They have a trait that works similarly to a Power Trait, but that handles an entirely different stat in a somewhat-different manner.
While it's the unit's preferred season, their maximum HP is boosted by a certain percentage equal to the point value of the trait. Likewise, while they're furthest from their preferred season, their maximum HP is reduced by the same percentage.
Spring is Turns 0 (which isn't played), 1, and 2; 12, 13, and 14; and so on. Elementally, it is associated with Air, while Sorcerous traditions associate it with Nature and the Thrones associate it with Growth.
Summer is Turns 3, 4, and 5; 15, 16, and 17; and so on. Elementally, it is associated with Fire, while Sorcerous traditions associate it with Nature. During this season, the world is pulled 1 point towards Heat.
Autumn or Fall is Turns 6, 7, and 8; 18, 19, and 20; and so on. Elementally, it is associated with Earth, while Sorcerous traditions and the Thrones both associate it with Death.
Winter is Turns 9, 10, and 11; 21, 22, and 23; and so on. Elementally, it is associated with Water, while Sorcerous traditions associate it with Death. During this season, the world is pulled 1 point towards Cold.
In Dominions, the year begins right at the start of the middle of winter, (the first instance being Turn 10), known in-game as just "Winter"; we know this because this is when Age is incremented. A turn is roughly the same as a moon or a month. Thus, a Dominions calendar roughly looks like this: